Drainage System is water structures that are formed in series to control excess water, either limited or discharged through channels.
The definition of a drainage system or drainage system is water structures that form a series that has the function of limiting or reducing water that exceeds the boundaries of an area or region.
The goal is to optimize the function of the area to its full potential. There are several parts of the building in the drainage system including interceptor drain, collector drain and conveyor or carrier channel, receiving waters and main channel.
There are buildings that can be found along the drainage system, namely, pumping stations, sluices, culverts, waterfall buildings and so on. Drainage addresses the problem of excess water before it enters large channels or rivers.
Such a concept is known in the sustainable drainage system for the management of surface runoff by constructing facilities as rainwater retention.
Drainage System Network Type
There are several types of drainage systems in general. Some of them namely, micro drainage systems and macro drainage systems. Here’s the explanation:
- Micro Drainage System Distribution: System in 12 rainwater catchment areas to drain and collect water in the form of a building in the form of a complementary channel system. Water channels that are included in the category of micro drainage systems include culverts, city drainage systems, canals along buildings and gutters and so on. This channel has a water discharge with a relatively small capacity.
- Macro Drainage System: This canal system is the main channel that accommodates as well as drains water from an area or rainwater catchment area. This type of drainage system is also considered a premiere sewer. This channel system can accommodate water in a large capacity widely. Some examples of macro drainage systems include canals, rivers and main drainage channels.
Drainage System Planning
Planning in building a drainage system needs to know in advance the presence of water as a source. There are two types of channel system planning, namely, surface water planning and subsurface planning.
Even though, having determined the location of the water, it still needs to pay attention to its integrity in purpose. This is done so that planning in building a drainage system can achieve general steps.
Planning can be done by making drainage routes in advance. The way to find out is by conducting a live view through a topographic map. The use of relief maps is intended to limit each service area boundary or other information. It aims to obtain an estimate of the dimensions of the drainage or drainage structure and its placement.
The stages in planning the drainage system need to pay attention to the water flow on the surface. In addition, the planning process must be adjusted to technical terms and conditions. One of the drainage systems, namely, surface drainage, has a function as a controller of water runoff on the surface of both roads and buildings so as not to damage such as flood water and erosion.
The road drainage system planning needs to take into account the water flow rate. In addition, there are several parts in the surface drainage system including culverts, slope drainage, transverse pavement slopes of side channel dams and road sockets.
Types of Drainage Channels in the Drainage System
There are several types of drainage channels in the drainage system in an area. Many aspects affect the channel type. Some of them are based on the process of their formation, laying of buildings and so on. Here are some explanations:
Based on the Formation Process
The process of forming drainage can be done naturally or artificially. The following include:
- Natural Drainage => the process of forming this channel system is formed by nature and there are no supporting buildings. The process of this channel comes from the deposition of material scouring by water which is balanced by the gravitational force on an ongoing basis. Then, permanent drains are formed. Examples of natural channels are rivers.
- Artificial Drainage => the formation process is carried out by humans for a specific purpose. Therefore, this type of channel has additional supporting buildings such as culverts, installing concrete and pipes.
Based on the Laying of the Building
Drainage can be differentiated based on the location of a building and has two forms. Here’s the explanation:
- Surface Drainage => this drain system is right above ground level. This channel function is intended for the discharge of runoff water that is on the surface. The flow analysis used in this channel is open channel flow.
- Sub Surface Drainage => this channel is under the surface with the intention of draining water from the surface to the underground through a pipe. This is done for a specific purpose according to the planning intent.
Importance of a Good Drainage System in Residential Areas
In a sense, drainage is infrastructure that functions to drain excess water from one place to another, for example a water container, both natural and artificial. The excess water is then continued to the sea, rivers, lakes, wells and other absorption facilities. For this reason, a good drainage system is needed, especially in areas that are crowded with residents, such as housing estates and villages.
Recognize the importance of the drainage system in housing
Drainage has a very important role in inhabited areas. A good drainage system helps prevent many problems, such as reducing the possibility of flooding, controlling groundwater levels, soil erosion and preventing damage to existing roads and buildings. The drainage system can be said to be good if it can be connected systematically with one another, which aims to make the water flow or run well.
Two types of drainage systems
Judging from the way it is formed, drainage is divided into two, namely natural drainage and artificial drainage. Natural drainage is formed due to scouring of water which forms permanent waterways such as rivers. Meanwhile, artificial drainage is a channel or special building made by humans. The construction can be similar to natural drainage, but the advantages are that it can be shaped according to needs.
As for construction, the drainage system is divided into two types, namely closed channels and open channels. Closed drains are generally used to drain dirty water. Channels like this are often found in housing or settlements. Meanwhile, open channels, although they have relatively the same function, are more suitable for continuing rainwater drainage (accommodating large water volumes).
A closed drainage system is more suitable for housing
Especially for closed drainage systems, extra attention is needed given the vital function of this system. Apart from containing the flow of rainwater, household waste is also the ‘responsibility’ of the closed drainage system. Made closed because if left open it will leave a pungent odor. Therefore, a closed drainage system is suitable for residential applications.
This type of closed drainage is not limited to sewers. Some are in the form of gutters, canals and culverts. The function is spelled out the same, namely preventing the creation of inundation on the road or ground, which further prevents flooding. Not only that, closed drainage systems are often designed to promote aesthetics, beauty and effectiveness.
Good drainage system at the CitraRaya Pine Trees Cluster
One model of a good drainage system can be found at the Cluster Pine Trees CitraRaya, Tangerang. In this strategic residence, the drainage system is very good so it is comfortable and safe for its residents. The threat of flooding is automatically eroded automatically because of the smooth flow. In addition to prioritizing function, aesthetic factors are also considered, so that the area in the Pine Trees Cluster looks very neat. With a good and neat drainage system, children and parents do not have to worry about experiencing disaster because of the guaranteed security.
Cluster Pine Trees is equipped with a number of other facilities, such as a club house which includes a lounge area, swimming pool and gym . You and your family can enjoy it on weekends or holidays. Not only that, the cluster in CitraRaya housing is also designed with an underground cable network so that the residential area looks neat. Do not miss the CCTV system to ensure the safety of residents.
